Method and apparatus for making absorbent structures with absorbent material

ABSTRACT

Apparatus (1) and method for producing absorbent structures with absorbent layers with channel(s) without absorbent material, using a first moving endless surface (20) with specific raised strip(s) (25) and a second moving endless surface (30) with specific mating strip(s) (31).

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a method for making an absorbentstructure with strips that are free of absorbent material, by receivingabsorbent material on a first surface with raised strips that do notreceive absorbent material, and transferring it therewith to a secondsurface with mating strips, that meet with said raised strips, and thatthen do not receive absorbent material; and to apparatuses combiningsuch first and second surfaces.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Absorbent articles, such as diapers and sanitary napkins, absorb andcontain body exudates. They also are intended to prevent body exudatesfrom soiling, wetting, or otherwise contaminating clothing or otherarticles, such as bedding, that come in contact with the wearer. Adisposable absorbent article, such as a disposable diaper, may be wornfor several hours in a dry state or in a urine-loaded state.Accordingly, efforts have been made toward improving the fit and comfortof the absorbent article to the wearer, both when the article is dry andwhen the article is fully or partially loaded with liquid exudate, whilemaintaining or enhancing the absorbing and containing functions of thearticle.

Efforts have also been made to make absorbent article thinner when dry,to improve the comfort of such articles.

Some absorbent articles, like diapers, contain absorbent material suchas super absorbent polymers that absorbs very high quantities of liquidand causes the absorbent article to swell significantly. Such articleswill thus increase significantly in volume during use, and sometimes inparticular in the crotch area between the wearer's legs, which mayrender the article uncomfortable.

There is thus still a need to further improve the fit of such articlesand/or the liquid transportation away from the crotch. There is also aneed to reduce the usage of absorbent material in such articles.

There is also still a need to further reduce the chance of leakage andto improve the efficiency of absorbency of an absorbent article, such asa diaper.

It has also been found that improved liquid transportation can beachieved by the provision of transportation channels for distributingliquid in the absorbent article, e.g. the absorbent structure thereof.Furthermore, it has surprisingly been found that the amount of absorbentmaterial can be reduced hereby, whilst maintaining the performance. Ithas been found that improved fit can be obtained by providing absorbentarticles with absorbent structures whereby the absorbent material isstructured in machine direction, optionally with areas that compriseless or no absorbent material, for improved bending flexibility in use(in the direction corresponding to the machine direction).

The present invention provides an apparatus and method for providingsuch absorbent structures, having suitable transportation channels,which allow reduction of the usage of absorbent material and/or channelsthat improve fit/flexibility.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention provides an apparatus (1) for making an absorbentstructure comprising a supporting sheet (200) and thereon an absorbentlayer with a longitudinal dimensional and transverse dimension and aheight dimension, said absorbent layer comprising an absorbent material(100) with therein one or more channels that are substantially free ofabsorbent material, said apparatus (1) having:

a) a feeder (60) for feeding said absorbent material (100) to a firstmoving endless surface;

b) a transfer means for transferring a supporting sheet (200) to asecond moving endless surface;

c) a first moving endless surface (20), having one or more absorbentlayer-forming reservoirs (25) with a longitudinal dimension and averagedlength, a perpendicular transverse dimension and average width, and,perpendicular to both, a depth dimension and average depth, and a voidvolume for receiving said absorbent material (100) therein, saidreservoir(s) comprising one or more substantially longitudinallyextending raised strips (21) (not having a void volume and hence notreceiving said absorbent material (100) therein), each having an averagewidth W of at least 5% of the average width of the reservoir (25) (insome embodiments preferably at least 5 mm), and an average length L ofat least 5% and at the most 80% of the average longitudinal dimension ofthe reservoir; said reservoir(s) being for transferring said absorbentmaterial (100) to said second moving endless surface (30) adjacent andin proximity thereto;

d) said second moving endless surface (30), having an outer shell thathas one or more air permeable or partially air permeable receptacles(33) for receiving said supporting sheet (200) thereon or therein, andsaid receptacle (33) having one or more substantially longitudinallyextending substantially mating strips (31), having each an average widthW′ of from 0.5×W to 1.2×W, preferably at least 2.5 mm, preferably havingan average length L′ being from about 0.8×L to 1.2×L provided at themost 90% of the longitudinal dimension of the reservoir,

whereby said outer shell is preferably connected to one or moresecondary vacuum systems for facilitating retention of said supportingsheet (200) and/or said absorbent material (100) thereon, and

whereby, in a meeting point, said first moving endless surface (20) andsaid outer shell and/or second moving endless surface (30) are adjacentto one another and in close proximity of one another during transfer ofsaid absorbent material (100) and whereby each mating strip (31) isadjacent and in close proximity to a raised strip (21) during transferof said absorbent material.

The invention also provides methods using said apparatus (1) of theinvention, and/or for making an absorbent structure with a longitudinaldimensional and transverse dimension and height dimension, andcomprising a supporting sheet (200) and thereon an absorbent layer ofabsorbent material (100) and therein one or more channels withsubstantially no absorbent material, said method comprising the stepsof:

a) providing a feeder (60) for feeding said absorbent material (100) toa first moving endless surface;

b) providing a transfer means for transferring a supporting sheet (200)to a second moving endless surface;

c) providing a first moving endless surface (20), having one or moreabsorbent layer-forming reservoirs (25) with a longitudinal dimensionand averaged length, a perpendicular transverse dimension and averagewidth, and, perpendicular to both, a depth dimension and average depth,and a void volume for receiving said absorbent material (100) therein,said reservoir(s) comprising one or more substantially longitudinallyextending raised strips (21), each having an average width W of at least5% of the average width of the reservoir, and an average length L of atleast 5% and at the most 80% of the average longitudinal dimension ofthe reservoir; said reservoir(s) being for transferring said absorbentmaterial (100) to said second moving endless surface (30) adjacent andin proximity thereto;

d) providing a second moving endless surface (30), having an outer shellthat has one or more air permeable or partially air permeablereceptacles (33) with for receiving said supporting sheet (200) thereonor therein, with a receiving area and with one or more substantiallylongitudinally extending mating strips (31) that may be air impermeable,and having each an average width W′ of from 0.5×W to 1.2×W, an averagelength L′ being from about 0.8×L to 1.2×L provided at the most 90% ofthe longitudinal dimension of the reservoir,

whereby said outer shell is preferably connected to one or moresecondary vacuum systems for facilitating retention of supporting sheet(200) and/or said absorbent material (100) thereon, and

whereby, in a meeting point, said first moving endless surface (20) andsaid second surface (30)/outer shell are at least partially adjacent toone another and in close proximity of one another during transfer ofsaid absorbent material (100) and such that each mating strip (31) issubstantially completely adjacent and in close proximity to a raisedstrip (21) during transfer of said absorbent material;

e) feeding with said feeder (60) an absorbent material (100) to saidfirst moving endless surface, in at least said reservoir(s) (25)thereof;

f) optionally, removing any absorbent material (100) on said raisedstrips (21);

g) simultaneously, transferring said supporting sheet (200) to saidsecond moving endless surface, onto or into said receptacle (33);

h) selectively transferring in said meeting point, said absorbentmaterial (100) with said first moving endless surface (20) only to saidpart of the supporting sheet (200) that is on or in said receiving areaof said receptacle (33).

Said reservoir(s) (25) may be formed by of a multitude of grooves and/orcavities (22) with a void volume, for receiving said absorbent material(100) therein. In some embodiments, the average width W of (each) stripis preferably at least 6 mm, or for example at least 7 mm, and/or atleast at least 7%, or for example at least 10% of the average width ofthe respective reservoir.

Said grooves and/or cavities (22) may each for example have a maximumdimension in transverse direction which is at least 3 mm, and wherebythe shortest distance between directly neighboring cavities (22) and/orgrooves in substantially transverse dimension, is less than 5 mm.Cavities (22) and/or grooves that are directly adjacent a raised strip(21) may have a volume that is more than the volume of one or more, orall of their neighboring cavities (22) or grooves, that are not directlyadjacent said strip or another strip (thus further removed from astrip).

Said first moving endless surface's reservoir (25) may be at leastpartially air permeable and said first moving endless surface (20) mayhave a cylindrical surface with said reservoirs, rotatably moving arounda stator, comprising a vacuum chamber (28) (and optionally a blow ofchamber (29) to blow pressurized air through the reservoir onto saidabsorbent material just before the meeting point); said second movingsurface's outershell may be cylindrical, rotatably moving around astator, comprising a secondary vacuum chamber (38) connected to saidsecondary vacuum system (and optionally a blow of chamber (39) to blowpressurized air through the receptacle onto said absorbent structure tofacilitate removal from the second moving endless surface).

Said receptacle(s) (33) may further comprise a multitude ofsubstantially longitudinally extending rods (36), spaced apart from oneanother in transverse direction, for example, each rod having a maximumcross-machine dimension of at least 0.3 mm and the minimum distance intransverse dimension between neighboring rods (36) being at least 1 mm,and said rods (36) each having an average height dimension of at least 1mm, preferably said rods (36) and said mating strips (31) being in thesame plane of the outershell.

The apparatus (1) may comprise one or more adhesive application unit(s)(50;51) as described herein. Said adhesive application can be beneficialto immobilize said absorbent material, to ensure said channels remainsubstantially permanent in use and/or to help the supporting materialadhere to a further material placed over said absorbent layer in saidchannels. The method may comprise the addition a step i):

i) 1) applying an adhesive material (i.e. a first adhesive material) tosaid absorbent structure produced in step g); and/or

i) 2) applying an adhesive material (i.e. a second adhesive material) tosaid supporting sheet (200), prior or step f, or simultaneouslytherewith, but in any event prior to step h).

Step i) 1) may involve straying said first adhesive material in the formof fibers onto said absorbent layer, or park thereof, for examplesubstantially continuously, so it is also present in said channels.

Step i) 2) may involve slot coating or spray-coating the supportingsheet (200), either continuously, or for example in a patterncorresponding to the channel pattern.

In some preferred embodiments herein, the apparatus (1) may havepressure roll (70) with a raised pressure pattern (71), substantiallycorresponding to the pattern of said mating strip(s) (31) and/orchannels, for contacting selectively said absorbent structure'ssupporting sheet (200) and/or the further material, described hereinafter, in the areas corresponding to said channel(s) (only).

Said receptacle (33) of said second moving surface may have a firstaverage width dimension and said supporting sheet (200), or said partthereof that is on said receptacle (33), has a second average widthdimension, and the ratio of said first to said second average widthdimension is at least 1:1.2.

By use of method and apparatus (1) herein, whereby the raised portionsand mating strips (31) substantially mate during transfer of theabsorbent material (100) to a supporting sheet (200) on said receptacle(33), e.g. on said mating strips (31), the absorbent structure may havesaid absorbent material (100) deposited on a layer with therein channelssubstantially without absorbent material; the absorbent layer may be inthe form of strips of absorbent material (100) with therein, or thereinbetween strips free of absorbent material (e.g. the crests of saidsupporting sheet (200)); in some embodiments herein, the supportingsheet (200) is formed into undulation(s) between neighboring mattingstrips, and/or between neighboring rods (36) that may be present, asdescribed below, and the method and apparatus (1) herein is such thatthe absorbent material (100) is deposited in said undulations.

As described above, the supporting sheet (200) may be transferred tosaid second moving endless surface (30) such that it forms undulationsand crests. Then, when the supporting sheet (200) is removed from saidsecond moving endless surface, the supporting sheet (200) is pulledsubstantially flat, resulting in an absorbent structure withsubstantially longitudinally extending strips (that correspond to thecrests of said material) that comprise substantially no absorbentmaterial.

The invention also relates to absorbent structures, cores obtainable bythe method herein or with the apparatus herein, and absorbent articles,such as pads or in particular diapers, comprising such a structure orcore.

It should be understood that above and following description appliesequally to the method and the apparatus (1) of the invention, and theabsorbent structure obtained therewith, unless stated otherwise.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1A is a top view of a reservoir (25) of the first moving endlesssurface (20) herein.

FIG. 1B is a top view of an alternative reservoir (25) of the firstmoving endless surface (20) herein.

FIG. 2 is a side view of an apparatus (1) of the present invention, orused in the method of the invention.

FIG. 3 is a partial perspective view of an apparatus (1) of the presentinvention, or used in a method of the invention.

FIG. 4 is a partial perspective view of an alternative apparatus (1) ofthe present invention, or used in an alternative method of theinvention.

FIG. 5 is a partial perspective view of an optional element of apparatus(1) of the present invention, or optionally used in a method of theinvention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

As summarized above, this invention encompasses a method and apparatus(1) for making an absorbent structure useful for absorbent articlecomprising absorbent material, preferably at least, or only, particulatesuperabsorbent polymer material, and preferred absorbent structure.Embodiments of such method and apparatus (1) and resulting absorbentstructures and absorbent articles are further described herein after thefollowing definitions.

Definitions

“Absorbent structure” refers to a three-dimension structure with alongitudinally dimension and perpendicular thereto a transversedimension and perpendicular to both a height dimension, and thatcomprises at least an absorbent material (100) and a supporting sheet(200), and that is useful in an absorbent article.

“Absorbent layer” refers to a three dimensional layer of absorbentmaterial, formed by deposition of absorbent material (100) onto thesupporting sheet (200).

“Absorbent material” refers to a material or mixture of materials thatcan absorb and retain bodily fluids; it typically includes or consistsof “superabsorbent polymer material”. “Superabsorbent polymer material”(also known as “absorbent gelling material,” or “AGM,” or“superabsorbent,”) refer to polymeric material that can absorb at least10 times Sand typically t least 15 times or at least 20 times) theirweight of an aqueous 0.9% saline solution as measured using theCentrifuge Retention Capacity test (Edana 441.2-02), i.e. having a CRCof at least 10 g/g, and typically at least 15 g/g or at least 20 g/g.

“Particulate” is used herein to refer to a material which is inparticulate form so as to be flowable in the dry state.

“Absorbent article” refers to a device that absorbs and contains bodyexudates, and, more specifically, refers to devices that are placedagainst or in proximity to the body of the wearer to absorb and containthe various exudates discharged from the body. Absorbent articles mayinclude adult and infant diapers, including pants, such as infanttraining pants and adult incontinence undergarments, and femininehygiene products, such as sanitary napkins and panty-liners and adult incontinent pads, and breast pads, care mats, bibs, wound dressingproducts, and the like. Absorbent articles may further include floorcleaning articles, food industry articles, and the like. As used herein,the term “body fluids” or “body exudates” includes, but is not limitedto, urine, blood, vaginal discharges, breast milk, sweat and fecalmatter.

“Diaper” refers to an absorbent article generally worn by infants andincontinent persons about the lower torso so as to encircle the waistand legs of the wearer and that is specifically adapted to receive andcontain urinary and fecal waste.

“Pant” or “training pant”, as used herein, refer to diaper having awaist opening and leg openings designed for infant or adult wearers. Apant may be placed in position on the wearer by inserting the wearer'slegs into the leg openings and sliding the pant into position about awearer's lower torso. A pant may be preformed by any suitable techniqueincluding, but not limited to, joining together portions of the articleusing refastenable and/or non-refastenable bonds (e.g., seam, weld,adhesive, cohesive bond, fastener, etc.). A pant may be preformedanywhere along the circumference of the article (e.g., side fastened,front waist fastened). While the terms “pant” or “pants” are usedherein, pants are also commonly referred to as “closed diapers,”“prefastened diapers,” “pull-on diapers,” “training pants,” and“diaper-pants”. Suitable pants are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,246,433,issued to Hasse, et al. on Sep. 21, 1993; U.S. Pat. No. 5,569,234,issued to Buell et al. on Oct. 29, 1996; U.S. Pat. No. 6,120,487, issuedto Ashton on Sep. 19, 2000; U.S. Pat. No. 6,120,489, issued to Johnsonet al. on Sep. 19, 2000; U.S. Pat. No. 4,940,464, issued to Van Gompelet al. on Jul. 10, 1990; U.S. Pat. No. 5,092,861, issued to Nomura etal. on Mar. 3, 1992; U.S. Patent Publication No. 2003/0233082 A1,entitled “Highly Flexible And Low Deformation Fastening Device”, filedon Jun. 13, 2002; U.S. Pat. No. 5,897,545, issued to Kline al. on Apr.27, 1999; U.S. Pat. No. 5,957,908, issued to Kline et al on Sep. 8,1999.

A “nonwoven” is a manufactured sheet, web or batt of directionally orrandomly orientated fibers, bonded by friction, and/or cohesion and/oradhesion, excluding paper and products which are woven, knitted, tufted,stitch-bonded incorporating binding yarns or filaments, or felted bywet-milling, whether or not additionally needled. The fibers may be ofnatural or man-made origin and may be staple or continuous filaments orbe formed in situ. Commercially available fibers have diameters rangingfrom less than about 0.001 mm to more than about 0.2 mm and they come inseveral different forms: short fibers (known as staple, or chopped),continuous single fibers (filaments or monofilaments), untwisted bundlesof continuous filaments (tow), and twisted bundles of continuousfilaments (yarn). Nonwoven fabrics can be formed by many processes suchas meltblowing, spunbonding, solvent spinning, electrospinning, andcarding. The basis weight of nonwoven fabrics is usually expressed ingrams per square meter (gsm).

“Substantially cellulose free” is used herein to describe an article,such as an absorbent layer structure or core, that contains less than 5%by weight cellulosic fibers.

“Thickness” and “height” are used herein interchangeably.

A absorbent structure and absorbent layer thereof, and a receptacle (33)and a reservoir (25) herein each have a longitudinal dimension andaverage length, and this may be corresponding the machine direction (MD,and perpendicular thereto a transverse dimension, and average width,which may be corresponding to the cross-machine direction (CD); and afront region, back region and central region, each being ⅓ of theaverage length of the structure/layer, respectively, and having each thefull width. Each has longitudinal edges and edge zones, extending thefull length thereof—as further described below.

First Moving Endless Surface, e.g. Print Roll

The absorbent material (100) is delivered to the supporting sheet (200)by a first moving endless surface (20) placed adjacent and in closeproximity to said second moving endless surface, for examplesubstantially above said surface. The absorbent material (100) may bedeposited substantially continuously. The point or area where theabsorbent material (100) leaves the first moving endless surface (20)and transfers to said second moving endless surface (30) is hereinreferred to as meeting point; and in this point or area a raised strip(21), e.g. each raised strip, mates with a mating strip (31), e.g.without direct contact.

A feeder (60) may deliver the absorbent material (100) to said firstmoving endless surface. Such as feeder (60) is capable of containing theabsorbent material (100) and letting it flow to the supporting sheet(200) on said second moving endless surface, for example continuously.The feeder (60) may be a (e.g. stationary) hopper with a containerportion, to hold the material, e.g. having a volume of at least 1000cm³, and it may have a guiding portion, e.g. a pipe-shapes portion, thatguides the material from the container portion to the first movingendless surface.

The first moving endless surface (20) may be a rotating roll or drum, asfor example shown in the FIGS. 2, 3 and 4. The radius of the firstmoving endless surface (20) may depend on what absorbent structure isproduced, e.g. what size, and for example how many structures areproduced per cycle of the first moving endless surface, e.g. print rollor drum. For example, the drum/print roll may have a radius of at least40 mm, or of at least 50 mm; it may be for example up to 300 mm, or upto 200 mm. In some embodiments, the radius of the first moving surfaceis less than 50% of the radius of the second moving endless surface.

The first moving endless surface (20) may have any suitable width, butfor example a width (for example in CD, hence perpendicular to MD)corresponding (substantially) to the width of the absorbent structure tobe produced; this for example be at least 40 mm, or at least 60 mm, orfor example up to 400 mm, or up to 200 mm.

Said first moving endless surface (20) may have one or more reservoirswith a certain volume for receiving said absorbent material (100)therein, and transporting it to and then depositing it on saidsupporting sheet (200) on a second moving endless surface.

Each reservoir (25) corresponds typically to an absorbent structure tobe produced, as suitable for an absorbent article. The supporting sheet(200) may be a web material, so the method and apparatus (1) herein canthus serve to produce a web of such absorbent structures that are thensubsequently separated into individual structures.

The reservoir (25) is at least partially air-permeable. It typically hasan area that serves to receive said absorbent material, and this area issubstantially in air-communication with a vacuum system, i.e. airpermeable.

As for example shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B and FIG. 3, the reservoir (25)has one or more raised strips (21) (that have no void volume) and that,when the first moving endless surface (20) moves (rotates) adjacent saidsecond moving endless surface (30) with said supporting sheet (200) onsaid mating strips (31), said raised strips (21) mate substantiallycoincide (herein referred to as: mate) with said mating strips (31).Then, the absorbent material (100) is deposited selectively on thesubstrate material on the portions thereof that are not on said matingstrips (31), to form an absorbent layer on a supporting sheet (200),having channels (strips) that are substantially free of absorbentmaterial. A reservoir (25) has typically the same number of raisedstrips (21) as the number of mating strips (31) of the second movingendless surface.

Said strip(s) (21) may not be in air communication with a vacuum systemthat is in air communication with said first moving endless surface,i.e. the raised strips (21) may be air impermeable. They may havethereto have surfaces that have no apertures. The remaining area of thereservoir (25) that has void volume for receiving the absorbentmaterial, thus excluding the raised strips (21), may be inair-communication with a vacuum system, e.g. having apertures inair-communication with a vacuum system.

The reservoir (25) has peripheral edges, and peripheral edge zones,including opposing longitudinal edges and edge zones, and a transversefront edge and front edge zone, and a transverse back edge and back edgezone. Each of said front and back edge zones, extending the completetransverse dimension, may for example have a longitudinal dimension offrom about 5% to about 20%, or to 15%, or to 10% of the averagelongitudinal dimension of the reservoir. Each of said longitudinal edgezone may extend the length of the reservoir (25) and may have an averagetransverse dimension of for example from about 5% to about 20%, ortypically to about 15% or to about 10% of the total average transversedimension of the reservoir. In some embodiments herein, said raisedstrip(s) are not present in any of said edge zones.

The reservoir (25) may in addition, or alternatively, comprise a frontregion, back region and central region, therein between, as furtherdescribed below. The central region may be for example the central ⅓ ofthe reservoir, extending the full transverse dimension. In someembodiment, the raised strips (21) are present only in the front region;alternatively, in some embodiments, the raised strips (21) are presentin the central region only or at least; alternatively, in someembodiments, the raised strips (21) are present in the central regionand front region and optionally in the back region. It may alternativelyor in addition be preferred that one or more raised strips (21) arepresent in the central region and front region. To provide improvedliquid transportation and more efficient absorbency by the wholeabsorbent structure, it may be preferred to have said raised strip(s) atleast in the central region and preferably extending also at least inthe front region.

In any such case, it may be preferred that none of the edge zonesdescribed above comprises such raised strips (21).

As for example shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, a raised strip (21) meets (andhence mates with) a mating strip (31) during the transfer of theabsorbent material (100) herein, i.e. during absorbent material (100)transfer to said second moving endless surface, said raised strip (21)substantially overlaps said mating strip. This typically applies to eachmating raised strip (21) and mating strip. In other words, each raisedstrip (21) typically has a corresponding mating strip. It should beunderstood that the raised strip (21) and mating strip (31) do notdirectly touch during the absorbent material (100) transfer (thesupporting sheet (200) material is in between them). The supportingsheet (200) may or may not touch the raised strip(s).

The following is described for a raised strip, in relation to itscorresponding mating strip, but may be, applicable to each raised strip.

A raised strip (21) and the corresponding mating strip (31) may have thesame size and shaped and surface area, and be hence completely mating.It may be that a raised strip (21) has a surface area that is slightlymore than the surface area of a corresponding mating strip. Hereby, themating strip (31) and the corresponding raised strip (21) then typicallystill have substantially the same overall shape. Preferred length ratiosand dimensions are herein described above and below.

In some embodiments, it may be preferred (in addition or as alternativeof the above) that a mating strip (31) may have an average width W′ thatis less than the average width W of the raised strip, but in someembodiments, W′ is not more than W, as further described above andbelow.

W is at typically least 5 mm, or for example at least 6 mm. or forexample at least 7 mm or for example at least 8 mm, and for example lessthan 40 mm or less, or less 30 mm or less, or for example 20 mm or less.

A raised strip (21) extends typically at the most 80% or at the most 70%of the longitudinal dimension of the reservoir.

Thus, the average length of a raised strip (21) may be 80% or less ofthe average length of the reservoir, or for example at the most 70%.

The raised strips (21) are substantially longitudinally extending. Theymay be straight or for example curved, with a radius of curvature asdescribe herein, or angled, as described herein below.

The reservoir (25) may have for example at least two raised strips (21)on either side of the longitudinal axis of the reservoir, and beingmirror images of one another. This is for example shown in FIG. 1 A.

The reservoir (25) may also for example have 3 or 4, or for example 5 orfor example 6 raised strips (21). Two or more thereof may be parallel toone another. The reservoir (25) may have for example 3, or 4, or 5, or 6raised strips (21) that are at least present in the central region, andpreferably extend in the front region and optionally in the back region;they may be parallel to one another and/or they may be such that thoseon one longitudinal side of the longitudinal axis of the reservoir (25)are mirror images of those that are on the opposite longitudinal side.This is for example shown in FIG. 1 B.

The reservoir (25) may have for example two raised strips (21) in thefront region, on either side of the longitudinal axis, and mirror imagesof one another therein; and two raised strips (21), extending in atleast the central region, on either side of the longitudinal axis, andmirror images of one another therein; and optionally two raised strips(21) in the hack region, on either side of the longitudinal axis, andmirror images of one another therein.

In some embodiments, there may be no raised strip (21) coinciding withthe longitudinal axis of the reservoir, but only on either side thereof.This may help to ensure an absorbent structure formation into a U-shapeduring use, rather than a V-shape, which may be better for fit and/orabsorbency.

In some embodiments, at least two raised strips (21) extend, and hencehave an average length of, at least 50% of the average length of saidreservoir. In some embodiments, there are at least an additional tworaised strips (21) that have an average length that is less than 50% ofthe average length of the reservoir.

The raised strip's cross-section in the X-Z plane (X being transversedimension; Z being height dimension) may be any form. It may have asquare, rectangular, or hexagonal cross-section, for example. However,the top surface is typically flat, i.e. in the X-Y plane of thereservoir.

(Each of) said raised strip(s) herein is typically substantiallongitudinally extending, which means that its longitudinal extension ismore than its transverse extension. This includes raised strip(s) thatare completely longitudinally extending and straight; it includes raisedstrip(s) under an angle with the longitudinal axis of the reservoir,provided said angle is at the most 30°; this may include raised strip(s)that may be slightly curved (as described herein below); this includesraised strip(s) that may be wavy; this includes raised strip(s) that maycomprise an angle(s), provided said angle is at least 120°; and providedthat any such raised strip(s) extend more in longitudinal dimension thanin transverse dimension, e.g. that any such raised strip(s) extend atleast 50% or at least 100% more in longitudinal dimension than intransverse dimension.

In some embodiments, one or more of the raised strips (21) may beslightly curved, for example having a single curvature, as for exampleshown in the Figures, having a curvature with a radius that is at leastequal to the average transverse dimension of the reservoir; and/orhaving a curvature following for example the contour of the closestlongitudinal side edge. In some embodiments it may be preferred that theraised strips (21) are concave, whereby the longitudinal centre of thestrip is closer to the longitudinal-axis of the reservoir (25) than theend point(s), and whereby the radius of curvature is at least 1 time, orpreferably at least 1.5 times the average transverse dimension of thereservoir.

In some embodiments, the reservoir (25) is, in addition to said raisedstrip (21) or strips, composed of multitude of grooves, extendingsubstantially in longitudinal dimension, or a multitude of rows ofcavities, extending substantially in longitudinal dimension, forreceiving the absorbent material (100) therein, with therein betweensaid raised strip(s).

In some embodiments herein, said raised strips (1) have a contour, andadjacent either longitudinal side thereof, there is at least one suchfirst row or groove, and adjacent thereto a second row and/or or groove,and said second row and/or groove may have a total volume less than thetotal volume of said first row or groove. Thereby, directly adjacent achannel (in the absorbent structure herein) the absorbent material (100)may have a higher basis weight than in a further adjacent zone.

In some embodiments herein, neighboring grooves or rows may be separatedfrom one another but the spacing distance (in transverse dimension)between neighboring cavities (22) of neighboring rows or betweenneighboring grooves is less than 5 mm, and typically 4 mm or less, or3.5 mm or less, or for example 3 mm or less.

Such grooves and/or rows may during the absorbent material (100)transfer mate with (coincide with) the portions of the substratematerial that are between the neighboring rods (36), if present, and asdescribed below, that extend substantially in longitudinal dimension;and hence, the areas between neighboring grooves and/or rows may mate(coincide) during absorbent material (100) transfer with the portions(strips) of the supporting sheet (200) that are on said rods (36), ifpresent, as described below.

The cavities (22) may have any dimensions and shape, including cubical,rectangular, cylindrical, semi-spherical, conical, or any other shape.This may be any suitable number of cavities, but for example at least 20or at least 50.

The cavities (22) may be present as identical cavities (22) or they mayvary in dimension(s) or shape. The exact pattern, dimensions etc. willdepend on the required structure to be formed, but may for example alsodepend on the particle size of the absorbent material, process speedetc.

In some embodiments at least 30% of the surface area of the reservoir(25) of the first moving endless surface (20) comprises said cavities,preferably at least 40%; and preferably up to 60% or up to 55%.

The distance in longitudinal dimension between the centre point of acavity (22) (said centre point being in the plane of the outer surfaceof the first moving endless surface) and the centre point of aneighboring cavity (22) (in a row of cavities (22)) may for example beat least 3 mm, or at least 4 mm, or at least 6 mm, or for example up to40 mm or up to 30 mm or up to 20 mm. This may apply to all suchdistances between neighboring cavities (2) in longitudinal dimension, orthis may be an average over all such distances.

The distance in transverse dimension between the centre point of acavity (22) or groove (said centre point being in the plane of the outersurface of the first moving endless surface) and the centre point of aneighboring cavity (22) or groove (in a transverse line of cavities) mayfor example also be as above. In some embodiments, the shortest distancein transverse dimension between two neighboring cavities (22) of a lineof cavities (22) or between neighboring grooves is 4.0 mm or less.

In some embodiments, the longitudinal dimension of a cavity (22) may be(on average over all cavities (22) and/or for each cavity; measured overthe outer surface of the first moving endless surface) at least 1 mm, orat least 2 mm, or at least 4 mm, and for example at the most 20 mm or atthe most 15 mm. The transverse dimension may be within the same rangesas above, or it may even be the same as the longitudinal dimensions forone or more or each cavity.

Said rows or grooves may extend substantially parallel to, and equallyspaced from, one another and/or said lines may extend substantiallyparallel to, and equally spaced from, one another.

In some embodiments, two or more of the rows or grooves, or partthereof, may be in the form of the longitudinal side edges of the raisedstrip, to which they are adjacent (and hence typically parallel), e.g.having the same curvature, angle etc as described herein.

The reservoir, cavities (22) or grooves may have any suitable deptdimension, and it may depend for example on the height of the firstmoving endless surface (20) (e.g. radius), the thickness of the desiredstructure to be produced, the particle size of the material, etc. Themaximum depth of a reservoir, cavities (22) or grooves and/or theaverage maximum depth (average over all maximum depths of all cavities(22) and/or grooves) may for example be at least 1 mm, or at least 1.5mm, or for example 2 mm or more, and for example up to 20 mm, or up to15 mm, or in some embodiment herein, up to 10 mm, or to 5 mm, or to 4mm.

According to some embodiments herein, the cavities (22) may have a anaverage dimension in longitudinal dimension and in transverse dimensionof from 2 to 8 mm or from 3 mm to 7 mm; and the cavities (22) may have amaximum depth and/or average maximum depth of for example from 1.5 mm to4 mm.

A scraper or doctor blade may be used to remove excess absorbentmaterial. Excess material may be removed from the reservoir (25) andrecycled hack to e.g. the hopper

One possibility to hold the material in the reservoir (25) (or itsgrooves or cavities) may be a vacuum applied to the inner side of thefirst moving endless surface, e.g. print roll or drum, in combinationwith suction apertures in (the bottom) of the reservoir, or of thegrooves, or of cavities (22) thereof, to thus apply the vacuum suctiononto the absorbent material. The vacuum is for example released justbefore or at the meeting point. The vacuum may be any vacuum pressuresuch as for example at least 10 kPa, or at least 20 kPa.

The vacuum may be provided by providing one or a plurality of vacuumchambers (28) in said first moving endless surface (20) (e.g. in itsinterior), whereby said vacuum can be applied, reduced, increased, andreleased (disconnected), depending on the position thereof in theprocess/apparatus.

Additional air pressure may be applied to said absorbent material (100)close to or at the meeting point, by provision of an air chamber (29) toensure that the material flows to the supporting sheet (200) on saidsecond moving endless surface.

Second Moving Endless Surface (30)

The method and apparatus (1) herein deploy a second moving endlesssurface (30), moving, like the first moving endless surface, in amachine direction (MD). It has an outer shell with one or more formingreceptacle(s) (33), for receiving thereon or therein the supportingsheet (200) (which may be a web material, as described herein below, orindividual sheets that are placed on a receptacle (33)). The followingis described for a single receptacle (33) but may apply to eachreceptacles (33) of the second moving endless surface's outer shell.

Each receptacle (33) corresponds typically to an absorbent structure tobe produced, as suitable for an absorbent article. The supporting sheet(200) may be a web material, so the method and apparatus (1) herein canthus serve to produce a web of such absorbent structures that are thensubsequently separated into individual structures.

The second moving endless surface (30) may have or be a rotatingsurface, such as a rotating, e.g. cylindrical, drum. It may be that theouter shell moves, e.g. rotates, around a stationary inner chamber, e.g.a so-called stator.

The outer shell and the receptacle (33) have an average transversedimension, which may for example be the cross-machine (CD) dimension,and the receptacle (33) has an average longitudinal dimensionperpendicular thereto, which may for example be the machine dimension.

The receptacle (33) is at least partially air-permeable. It typicallyhas an area that serves to receive said absorbent material, and thisarea is substantially in air-communication with a vacuum system, i.e.air permeable.

The receptacle (33) has one or more, preferably at least 2,substantially mating strips (31), that substantially mate (coincide)with said raised portion (but without contacting these directly), hereinreferred to as mating strips (31). Said mating strip(s) may not be inair communication with said vacuum system, i.e. it may be airimpermeable. They may have thereto e a surface in the plane of thereceptacle (33) that has no apertures.

A receptacle (33) has typically the same number of mating strips (31) asthe number of raised strips (21) of a reservoir (25) of the first movingendless surface.

A raised strip (21) coincides (and hence mates with) a mating strip (31)during the transfer of the absorbent material (100) herein, i.e. duringabsorbent material (100) transfer to said second moving endless surface,said raised strip (21) substantially overlaps said mating strip. Thistypically applies to each mating raised strip (21) and mating strip. Inother words, each raised strip (21) typically has a corresponding matingstrip. It should be understood that the raised strip (21) and matingstrip (31) do not directly touch during the absorbent material (100)transfer (the supporting sheet (200) material is in between them). Thesupporting sheet (200) may or may not touch the raised strip(s) (21);typically it does not.

The receptacle (33) has peripheral edges, and peripheral edge zones,including opposing longitudinal edges and edge zones, and a transversefront edge and front edge zone, and a transverse back edge and back edgezone. Each of said front and back edge zones, extending the completetransverse dimension, may for example have a longitudinal dimension offrom about 5% to about 20%, or to 15%, or to 10% of the averagelongitudinal dimension of the receptacle (33). Each of said longitudinaledge zone may extend the length and may have an average transversedimension of for example from about 5% to about 20%, or typically toabout 15% or to about 10% of the average transverse dimension of thereceptacle (33). In some embodiments, the mating strips (31) is notpresent in any of the edge zones.

The receptacle (33) may in addition, or alternatively, comprise a frontregion, back region and central region, therein between, as furtherdescribed below. The central region may be for example the central ⅓ ofthe receptacle (33), extending the full transverse dimension. In someembodiment, the mating strip(s) are present only in the front region;alternatively, in some embodiments, the mating strip(s) are present inthe central region only or at least; alternatively, in some embodiments,the mating strip(s) are present in the central region and front regionand optionally in the back region. It may alternatively or in additionbe preferred that one or more mating strips (31) are present in thecentral region and front region. To provide improved liquidtransportation and more efficient absorbency by the whole absorbentstructure, it may be preferred to have said mating strip(s) at least inthe central region and preferably extending also at least in the frontregion.

In any such case, it may be preferred that none of the edge zonesdescribed above comprises such mating strips (31).

The following is described for a mating strip, in relation to itscorresponding raised strip, but may be, and preferably is, applicable toeach mating strip (31) (and its corresponding raised strip).

A mating strip (31) and the corresponding raised strip (21) may have thesame size and shaped and surface area, and be hence completely mating.It may be that a raised strip (21) has a surface area that is slightlymore than the surface area of a corresponding mating strip. Hereby, themating strip (31) and the corresponding raised strip (21) then typicallystill have substantially the same overall shape.

In some embodiments, it may be preferred that at least the averagelength of a mating strip (31) and the average length of a correspondingmating step are substantially the same, the difference for example beingat the most 20%, or for example the raised strip (21) having an averagelength that is at the most 10% more than the average length of thecorresponding mating strip. The average length L′ of a mating strip (31)is hence from about 0.8×L to 1.2×L, or for example from 0.9×L to 1.1×L,or to 1×L, (L being the average length or the corresponding raisedstrip).

In some embodiments, it may be preferred (in addition or as alternativeof the above) that a mating strip (31) may have an average width W′ thatis less than the average width W of the raised strip, but in someembodiments, W′ is not more than W. Hence, W′ is from 0.5×W to 1.2×W, orfor example from 0.66×W, or for example from 0.8×W, to for example 1×W,or for example to 0.9×W.

W′ may for example be at least 2.5 mm, or for example at least 4 mm orfor example at least 6 mm. W′ may be less 20 mm or less, or less 15 mmor less, or for example 10 mm or less.

Thus in some embodiments, a raised strip (21) is completely overlappinga corresponding mating strip (31) during the absorbent material (100)transfer, but a mating strip (31) is not substantially overlapping acorresponding raised strip. This may help spreading of the depositedabsorbent material (100) slightly on said supporting sheet (200), toensure a more homogeneous deposition thereof on said supporting sheet(200).

Each mating strip (31) extends typically at the most 90% of thelongitudinal dimension of the receptacle (33), or for example at themost 80% or at the most 70%.

Thus, the average length of a mating strip (31) may be 90% or less ofthe average length of the receptacle (33), or for example at the most80% or at the most 70%.

The receptacle (33) may have for example at least two mating strips (31)on either side of the longitudinal axis of the receptacle (33), andbeing mirror images of one another. They may be straight or for examplecurved, with a radius of curvature as describe herein.

The receptacle (33) may also for example have 3 or 4, or for example 5or for example 6 mating strips (31). Two or more thereof may be parallelto one another.

The receptacle (33) may have for example 3, or 4, or 5, or 6 matingstrips (31) that are at least present in the central region, andpreferably extend in the front region and optionally in the back region;they may be parallel to one another and/or they may be such that thoseon one longitudinal side of the longitudinal axis of the receptacle (33)are mirror images of those that are on the opposite longitudinal side.

The receptacle (33) may have for example two mating strips (31) in thefront region, on either side of the longitudinal axis, and mirror imagesof one another therein; and two mating strips (31), extending in atleast the central region, on either side of the longitudinal axis, andmirror images of one another therein; and optionally two mating strips(31) in the back region, on either side of the longitudinal axis, andmirror images of one another therein.

In some embodiments, there may be no mating strip (31) coinciding withthe longitudinal axis of the receptacle (33), but only on either sidethereof. This may help to ensure an absorbent structure formation into aU-shape during sue, rather than a V-shape, which may be better for fitand/or absorbency.

In some embodiments, at least two mating strips (31) extend, and hencehave an average length (longitudinal dimension) of are at least 50% ofthe average length of said receptacle (33). In some embodiments, thereare at least an additional two mating strips (31) that have an averagelength that is less than 50% of the average length of the receptacle(33).

The mating strip (31) cross-section in the X-Z plane may be any form. Itmay have a square, rectangular, or hexagonal cross-section, for example.However, the tops surface that supports the supporting sheet (200) istypically flat, i.e. in the X-Y plane of the receptacle (33).

(Each of) said mating strip(s) (31) herein is typically substantiallongitudinal extending, which means that its longitudinal extension ismore than its transverse extension. This includes mating strip(s) (31)that are completely longitudinally extending and straight; it includesmating strip(s) under an angle with the longitudinal axis of thereservoir, provided said angle is at the most 30°; this may includemating strip(s) that may be slightly curved (as described herein below);this includes mating strip(s) that may be wavy; this includes matingstrip(s) that may comprise an angle(s), provided said angle is at least120°; and provided that any such mating strip(s) extend more inlongitudinal dimension than in transverse dimension, e.g. that any suchmating strip(s) extend at least 50% or at least 100% more inlongitudinal dimension than in transverse dimension.

In some embodiments, one or more of the mating strips (31) may beslightly curved, for example having a single curvature, having acurvature with a radius that is at least equal to the average transversedimension of the reservoir; and/or having a curvature following forexample the contour of the closest longitudinal side edge. In someembodiments it may be preferred that the mating strips (31) are concave,whereby the longitudinal centre of the strip is closer to thelongitudinal-axis of the reservoir (25) than the end point(s), andwhereby the radius of curvature is at least 1 time, or preferably atleast 1.5 times the average transverse dimension of the reservoir.

The receptacle (33) area other than said mating strips (31) may forexample be a mesh material that hence has apertures and is in aircommunication with said vacuum system (38), e.g. being air permeable.

The surface area of the receptacle (33), other than the mating strips(31), may alternatively comprise thin supports substantially intransverse, for supporting the supporting sheet (200), as for exampleshown in FIG. 3, i.e. typically having a maximum dimension inlongitudinal direction which may be less than the average widthdimension of the adjacent mating strip; and/or for example at the most 4mm, or for example at the most 3 mm.

As for example shown in FIG. 4, the receptacle (33) may further comprisea multitude of substantially longitudinally extending rods (36), spacedapart from one another, and typically from a neighboring mating strip,in transverse direction. Such rods (36) may then partially form the mostouter surface of said receptacle (33), so that the supporting sheet(200) is received and carried by said rods (36) and said mating strips(31).

Between rods (36), or between rods (36) and a neighboring mating strip,there is then a spacing where the supporting sheet (200) may not besupported directly by the receptacle (33)'s mating strips (31) or rods(36).

The receptacle (33) may comprise said rods (36) over substantially thewhole length (longitudinal dimension) of the receptacle (33); or forexample over the whole length except the front edge zone and/or backedge zone; or, in some embodiments herein, the rods (36) may be presentonly in said central region; in some embodiments, the rods (36) may bepresent in the front region and optionally the central region, but notthe back region; in some embodiments, the rods (36) may be present inthe back region and optionally the central region, but not the frontregion.

The receptacle (33) may comprise such rods (36) over the whole width(longitudinal-dimension) of said receptacle (33); or for example overthe whole width except in said longitudinal edge zones.

In any of these embodiments, the zone(s) or region(s) not comprisingsaid rods (36) is herein referred to as rod-free zone or rod-freeregion; in said rod-free region or rod-free zone the supporting sheet(200) is then deposited onto said mating strips (31) and optionally saidinner grid (e.g. a mesh material) directly.

Said receptacle (33) may have in said region(s) or zone(s) that notcomprising said rods (36) a higher friction than said rods (36). Thiscan aid to ensure the supporting sheet (200) is pulled in between therods (36), or rods (36) and mating strips (31), in the low frictionzone, and less or not at all in the high friction zone. For example, thereceptacle (33) can be made of a higher friction material (e.g. amaterial with a less even surface), or may be treated with anfriction-increasing agents, in those zones or regions not comprisingsaid rods (36); or for example said zones or regions with rods (36), oronly said rods (36), can be made of a lower friction material, ortreated with friction-reducing agent.

A rod (36), if present, is substantial longitudinally-extending, whichmeans for the purpose of the invention the same as defined above for themating strip.

The rod (36) may be any shape or form. It may have a square,rectangular, round, oval or hexagonal cross-section in CD, for example.Each rod has a top portion (which may be the top surface for, forexample, rods (36) that have a square or rectangular cross-section) andan opposing bottom portion or surface. Said top portion or surface isthen in contact with the supporting sheet (200); said bottom surface maybe adjacent (e.g.: on) an, at least partially, air-permeable inner grid.

In some embodiments, it may be preferred that the rod is generallyrectangular with optionally a triangular-shaped top portion.

The minimum distance between neighboring rods (36) or neighboring rods(36) and a mating strip (31) is for example (in transverse dimension) atleast 2 mm, or at least 3 mm, or at least 5 mm, or for example at least10 mm.

Two or more rods (36) may be parallel to one another, so that thespacing distance between parallel neighboring rods (36), in transversedimension, is at least said 2 mm along substantially the whole length.

Thus, there may be a void volume between neighboring rods (36), orbetween a rod and a neighboring mating strip, and said void volumeextends substantially in machine direction. This void volume can serveto receive the supporting sheet (200) therein, as an undulation, andthen optionally said absorbent material (100) therein.

Each rod may have a maximum cross-machine dimension which may be atleast 0.1 mm, preferably at least 0.3 mm, or at least 0.5 mm, and forexample less than 4 mm, or less than 2 mm.

The receptacle (33) may for example have at least 2 such rods (36), orfor example at least 4 such rods (36), or for example at least 5 or atleast 7 such rods (36).

Said rods (36) may be straight in longitudinal direction and/or they mayfor example be parallel to a neighboring mating strip.

In some preferred embodiments, the supporting sheet (200) is depositedonto said mating strips (31) and optional rods (36) and it bends inbetween neighboring mating strips (31) and/or rods (36), e.g. due to thevacuum suction, to form thereby in said sheet undulations betweenneighboring rods (36) and/or mating strips (31), and crests supported onsaid rods (36)/mating strips (31) (on said top surface or top portion).(The inner grid may control/determine the size (height) of saidundulations.)

The supporting sheet (200) is transferred from a transfer means, such atransfer roll (210), to said second moving endless surface (30) anddeposited onto said outershell/receptacle(s) (33). It may be transportedto the outershell and receptacle (33) thereof as a web, or as individualsheets. The supporting sheet (200) may be a nonwoven material, asfurther described herein.

Subsequently, said absorbent material (100) may be deposited onto saidsupporting sheet (200), on said receptacle (33), such that substantiallyno material is deposited on the portions of the supporting sheet (200)that are on the mating strips (31).

The absorbent material (100) may be deposited such that it is onlypresent on the portions of the supporting sheet (200) (e.g. strips ofsupporting sheet (200)) that is present between neighboring rods (36)and/or mating strips (31), e.g. in said undulations. Thereto, specificfirst moving surface may be used that has the specific grooves orcavities (22) that mate with said undulations, and not with said rods(36) as described below may be used.

Alternatively, or in addition, the vacuum may be such that it pulls theabsorbent material (100) to or towards the portions of the supportingsheet (200) present between neighboring rods (36) and/or mating strips(31), e.g. into said undulations. Substantially no absorbent material(100) may for example be present on the supporting sheet (200) presenton said rods (36), (not on said mating strips (31), as set out hereinabove already), e.g. on said crests of said supporting sheet (200).

Alternatively, or in addition, absorbent material (100) deposited ontothe portions of the supporting sheet (200) on said rods (36) (e.g. saidcrests) may be removed by means known in the art, such as a scraper ordoctor blade.

Alternatively, or in addition, the supporting sheet (200) may compriseadhesive. For example said adhesive may be present on said portions ofsaid supporting sheet (200) that are between neighboring rod and/ormating strips (31), e.g. said undulations. This may help to adhere theabsorbent material (100) in such portions, e.g. on said undulations. Thesupporting sheet (200) may then, prior to addition of the absorbentmaterial, comprise no adhesive applied on said portions supported bysaid rods (36) and/or mating strips (31), e g. said crests, so that lessor no absorbent material (100) adheres in said portions, e.g. crests.

In some embodiments, the second moving endless surface (30) may forexample have a speed of at least 1000 part per minute and/or a speed ofat least 4.5 m/s, or at least 6 m/s, or at least 8 m/s.

Absorbent Material (100)

The absorbent material (100) herein is preferably a flowable material(in the dry state), such as a particulate material; it may be anymaterial in particulate form, which includes particles, flakes, fibers,spheres, agglomerated particles and other forms known in the art.

The absorbent material (100) comprises superabsorbent polymer material(e.g. particles), optionally combined with cellulosic material(including for example cellulose, comminuted wood pulp in the form offibers). In some embodiment, the absorbent material (100) may compriseat least 60%, or at least 70% by weight of superabsorbent polymermaterial, and at the most 40% or at the most 30% of cellulosic material.In some other embodiments, the absorbent layer comprises absorbentmaterial (100) that consists substantially of absorbent polymermaterial, e.g. particles, e.g. less than 5% by weight (of the absorbentmaterial) of cellulosic material is present; and said absorbentlayer/absorbent structure, may be free of cellulosic material.

In some embodiments herein, the absorbent material, e.g. the particulateabsorbent material, comprises at least, or consists essentially of orconsists of, (particulate) superabsorbent polymer material, hereinreferred to as SAP, and also known as particulate absorbent gellingmaterial, AGM. The particulate SAP herein may have a high sorptioncapacity, e.g. having a CRC of for example at least 20 g/g, or at 30g/g. Upper limits may for example be up to 150 g/g, or up to 100 g/g.

The particulate SAP may have a good permeability for liquid, forexample, having a SFC value of at least 10×10⁻⁷ cm³ s/g; or preferablyat least 30×10⁻⁷ cm³·s/g, or at least 50×10⁻⁷ cm³ s/g 10×10⁻⁷ cm's/g, orpossibly permeability SFC value of at least 100×10⁻⁷ cm³s/g, or at leasta SFC of 120×10⁻⁷ cm³ sec/g. This SFC is a measure of permeability andan indication of porosity is provided by the saline flow conductivity ofthe gel bed as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,562,646, (Goldman et al.)issued Oct. 8, 1996 (whereby however a 0.9% NaCl solution is usedinstead of Jayco solution). Upper limits may for example be up to 350 orup to 250 (×10⁻⁷ cm³·s/g).

In some embodiments herein the polymers of said SAP are internallycross-linked and/or surface crosslinked polymers.

In some embodiments herein, the absorbent material (100) comprising orconsisting of particles of polyacrylic acids/polyacrylate polymers, forexample having a neutralization degree of from 60% to 90%, or about 75%,having for example sodium counter ions, as known in the art; they may besurface crosslinked and/or internally crosslinked polyacrylicacid/polyacrylate polymers.

In some embodiments herein, the absorbent material (100) is in the formof particles with, a mass medium particle size up to 2 mm, or between 50microns and 2 mm or to 1 mm, or preferably from 100 or 200 or 300 or 400or 500 μm, or to 1000 or to 800 or to 700 μm; as can for example bemeasured by the method set out in for example EP-A-0691133. In someembodiments of the invention, the material is in the form of particleswhereof at least 80% by weight are particles of a size between 50 μm and1200 μm and having a mass median particle size between any of the rangecombinations above. In addition, or in another embodiment of theinvention, said particles are essentially spherical. In yet another oradditional embodiment of the invention the absorbent material (100) hasa relatively narrow range of particle sizes, e.g. with the majority(e.g. at least 80% or preferably at least 90% or even at least 95% byweight) of particles having a particle size between 50 μm and 1000 μm,preferably between 100 μm and 800 μm, and more preferably between 200 μmand 600 μm.

The absorbent material (100) herein may advantageously comprise lessthan 15% by weight of water, or less than 10%, or less than 8% or lessthan 5%. The water-content can be determined by the Edana test, numberERT 430.1-99 (February 1999) which involves drying the particulatematerial (100) at 105° Celsius for 3 hours and determining the moisturecontent by the weight loss of the particulate material (100) afterdrying.

The particulate SAP herein may be particles of SAP that are surfacecoated or surface treated (this not including surface-crosslinking,which may be an additional surface-treatment); such coatings and surfacetreatment steps are well known in the art, and include surface treatmentwith one or more inorganic powders, including silicates, phosphates, andcoatings of polymeric material, including elastomeric polymericmaterials, or film-forming polymeric materials.

Supporting Sheet (200)

The absorbent structure producible with the apparatus (1) and method ofthe invention comprises a supporting sheet (200), to receive theabsorbent material. This supporting sheet (200) may be any individualsheet or web sheet material, in particular paper, films, wovens ornonwovens, or laminate of any of these.

In some embodiments herein, the supporting sheet (200) is a nonwoven,e.g. a nonwoven web, such as a carded nonwoven, spunbond nonwoven ormeltblown nonwoven, and including nonwoven laminates of any of these.

The fibers may be of natural or man-made origin and may be staple orcontinuous filaments or be formed in situ. Commercially available fibershave diameters ranging typically from less than about 0.001 mm to morethan about 0.2 mm and they come in several different forms: short fibers(known as staple, or chopped), continuous single fibers (filaments ormonofilaments), untwisted bundles of continuous filaments (tow), andtwisted bundles of continuous filaments (yarn). The fibers may bebicomponent fibers, for example having a sheet-core arrangement, e.g.with different polymers forming the sheet and the core. Nonwoven fabricscan be formed by many processes such as meltblowing, spunbonding,solvent spinning, electrospinning, and carding. The basis weight ofnonwoven fabrics is usually expressed in grams per square meter (gsm).

The nonwoven herein may be made of hydrophilic fibers; “Hydrophilic”describes fibers or surfaces of fibers, which are wettable by aqueousfluids (e.g. aqueous body fluids) deposited on these fibers.Hydrophilicity and wettability are typically defined in terms of contactangle and the strike through time of the fluids, for example through anonwoven fabric. This is discussed in detail in the American ChemicalSociety publication entitled “Contact angle, wettability and adhesion”,edited by Robert F. Gould (Copyright 1964). A fiber or surface of afiber is said to be wetted by a fluid (i.e. hydrophilic) when either thecontact angle between the fluid and the fiber, or its surface, is lessthan 90°, or when the fluid tends to spread spontaneously across thesurface of the fiber, both conditions are normally co-existing.Conversely, a fiber or surface of the fiber is considered to behydrophobic if the contact angle is greater than 90° and the fluid doesnot spread spontaneously across the surface of the fiber.

The supporting sheet (200) herein may be air-permeable. Films usefulherein may therefore comprise micro pores. Nonwovens herein may forexample be air permeable. The supporting sheet (200) may have forexample an air-permeability of from 40 or from 50, to 300 or to 200m³/(m²×min), as determined by EDANA method 140-1-99 (125 Pa, 38.3 cm²).The supporting sheet (200) may alternatively have a lowerair-permeability, e.g. being non-air-permeable, to for example be betterdetained on a moving surface comprising vacuum.

In preferred executions, the supporting sheet (200) is a nonwovenlaminate material, a nonwoven laminate web, for example of the SMS orSMMS type.

In order to form easily said undulations, the supporting sheet (200) mayhave a basis weight that is less than 60 gsm, or for example than 50gsm, for example from 5 gsm to 40 gsm, or to 30 gsm.

The supporting sheet (200) may have a transverse-extensibility or alongitudinal-extensibility, for example of more the 20%, or for examplemore than 100%, but for example not more than 200%.

In one of the embodiment herein, the supporting sheet (200) has atransverse dimension that is more than the transverse dimension of thepart of the receptacle (33), e.g. at least 10%, or for example at 20% orat least 30%, and for example up to about 120%.

Adhesive Application Units (50; 51) and Method Steps

The supporting sheet (200) may comprise and adhesive prior to transferto said second moving endless surface. Thus, the apparatus (1) hereinmay comprise a (second) adhesive application unit (51) upstream fromsaid second moving endless surface, and for example downstream from saidsupporting material transfer means, e.g. roll. The method herein maythus comprise such an adhesive application step.

This adhesive may be applied uniformly and/or continuously, to aidabsorbent material (100) immobilization and then it may help to adherethe supporting sheet (200) to a further material that may overlay theabsorbent layer, as described below. Alternatively, it may be applied ina pattern. It may be applied by spraying, or for example by selectivelyslot-coating; the apparatus (1) may thus comprise a slot-coater, with apattern.

The adhesive may be applied on those portions of the supporting sheet(200) that are to receive to receive the absorbent material; then, ithelps to immobilize the absorbent material (100) thereon (e.g. to ensurethe absorbent material (100) will stay substantially as applied, withsaid channels, preferably not only during manufacturing, but also duringstorage and in use (at least during part of the use). Or, alternatively,only on those portions of the supporting sheet (200) that are to be onsaid mating strips (31); then it may help to adhere the supporting sheet(200) to a further material that may overlay the absorbent layer, asdescribed below. It may be applied as substantially longitudinalstripes, for example.

In some embodiments, the apparatus (1) may comprise a unit to apply anadhesive to said supporting sheet (200) in a pattern, for example thepattern of the mating strips (31), and optionally of the rods (36), ifpresent.

Any suitable adhesive can be used for this, for example so-calledhotmelt adhesives used. For example, a sprayable hot melt adhesives,such as H. B. Fuller Co. (St. Paul, Minn.) Product No. HL-1620-B, can beused.

Alternatively, or in addition, it may be beneficial to apply a furtherimmobilization adhesive to said absorbent structure produced by theapparatus (1) or method herein, e.g. to ensure the absorbent material(100) will stay substantially as applied, with said channels, preferablynot only during manufacturing, but also during storage and in use (atleast during part of the use). This immobilization adhesive may then forexample be applied onto said absorbent layer just after application ofsaid absorbent material (100) onto said supporting sheet (200).

The apparatus (1) herein may thus have a further (first) adhesiveapplication unit (50), e.g. downstream from said second moving endlesssurface’ meeting point. The method may have a corresponding method step

This adhesive may be applied uniformly and/or homogeneously. This may bea thermoplastic adhesive material.

In accordance with certain embodiments, the thermoplastic adhesivematerial may comprise, in its entirety, a single thermoplastic polymeror a blend of thermoplastic polymers, having a softening point, asdetermined by the ASTM Method D-36-95 “Ring and Ball”, in the rangebetween 50° C. and 300° C., or alternatively the thermoplastic adhesivematerial may be a hot melt adhesive comprising at least onethermoplastic polymer in combination with other thermoplastic diluentssuch as tackifying resins, plasticizers and additives such asantioxidants. In certain embodiments, the thermoplastic polymer hastypically a molecular weight (Mw) of more than 10,000 and a glasstransition temperature (Tg) usually below room temperature or −6°C.>Tg<16° C. In certain embodiments, typical concentrations of thepolymer in a hot melt are in the range of about 20 to about 40% byweight. In certain embodiments, thermoplastic polymers may be waterinsensitive. Exemplary polymers are (styrenic) block copolymersincluding A-B-A triblock structures, A-B diblock structures and (A-B)nradial block copolymer structures wherein the A blocks arenon-elastomeric polymer blocks, typically comprising polystyrene, andthe B blocks are unsaturated conjugated diene or (partly) hydrogenatedversions of such. The B block is typically isoprene, butadiene,ethylene/butylene (hydrogenated butadiene), ethylene/propylene(hydrogenated isoprene), and mixtures thereof. Other suitablethermoplastic polymers that may be employed are metallocene polyolefins,which are ethylene polymers prepared using single-site or metallocenecatalysts. Therein, at least one comonomer can be polymerized withethylene to make a copolymer, terpolymer or higher order polymer. Alsoapplicable are amorphous polyolefins or amorphous polyalphaolefins(APAO) which are homopolymers, copolymers or terpolymers of C2 to C8alpha olefins. In exemplary embodiments, the tackifying resin hastypically a Mw below 5,000 and a Tg usually above room temperature,typical concentrations of the resin in a hot melt are in the range ofabout 30 to about 60%, and the plasticizer has a low Mw of typicallyless than 1,000 and a Tg below room temperature, with a typicalconcentration of about 0 to about 15%. In certain embodiments, thethermoplastic adhesive material is present in the form of fibers. Insome embodiments, the fibers will have an average thickness of about 1to about 50 micrometers or about 1 to about 35 micrometers and anaverage length of about 5 mm to about 50 mm or about 5 mm to about 30mm.

Further Method Steps/Apparatus Units

The apparatus (1) and method herein may comprise the further step/unit,of applying a further supporting sheet (300) onto said absorbentstructure, to enclose said absorbent material, as know in the art. Thismay be done such that a channel or each channel of a first absorbentstructure corresponds with a channel of the second absorbent structure.

The apparatus (1) and method herein may alternatively or in additioncomprise the apparatus (1) unit/method step of folding the supportingsheet (200) over the absorbent material (100) to enclose it thereby. Itmay comprise a sealing unit, sealing step to seal the two supportingsheet (200) or the folded supporting sheet (200) along the peripheraledges of the absorbent layer.

The absorbent structure may alternatively or in addition be combinedwith other layers, such as an acquisition layer, or topsheet and theapparatus (1) and method herein may comprise according steps/units.

The method or apparatus (1) herein may be to produce an absorbent coreor structure that comprises two or more of the above described absorbentstructures; for example two such layers, superposed on one another suchthat the absorbent material (100) of a first layer and the absorbentmaterial (100) of the other second layer are adjacent one another andsandwiched between the supporting sheet (200) of the first layer and thesupporting sheet (200; 300) of the second layer. The apparatus (1)herein may thus be a combination apparatus, comprising two or more, e.g.two, of the apparatuses described herein, to produce two or more, e.g.two, absorbent structures, and then comprising a combining unit tocombine the absorbent structures. The method may comprise accordingmethod step(s).

The absorbent structure produced with the method/apparatus (1) of theinvention herein may also be combined with an absorbent structureproduced by a method/apparatus (1) other than of the present invention,said combination may be done as set out above.

The apparatus (1) may comprise a pressure means (70), such as a pressureroll, that can apply pressure onto the absorbent structure, andtypically an absorbent structure whereby the absorbent material (100) issandwiched between the supporting sheet (200) and a further material;the pressure may be applied onto said supporting sheet (200) or on anyof the further material/layer that placed over the absorbent layer, asdescribed above in this section. The method herein may then comprise acorresponding method step.

This pressure application may preferably be done to selectively applypressure only onto the channels of the absorbent structure, e.g. on theportions of the supporting sheet (200) that correspond to the channels,and that thus not comprise (on the opposed surface) absorbent material,to avoid compaction of said absorbent material (100) itself.

Thus, the apparatus (1) may comprise a pressure means (70) that has araised pressuring pattern (71) corresponding to said pattern of theraised strip(s) and/or of said mating strip(s), in some preferablycorresponding to the pattern of the mating strip(s). The method may havean according method step.

Absorbent Articles

The apparatus (1) and method of the invention are for example useful toproduce absorbent structures, or absorbent cores (i.e. said structurescombined with a further material, described herein) suitable forabsorbent articles.

Absorbent articles may include diapers, including fastenable diapers and(refastenable) training pants; adult incontinence undergarments (pads,diapers) feminine hygiene products (sanitary napkins, panty-liners),breast pads, care mats, bibs, wound dressing products, and the like. Inssome preferred embodiments, the absorbent article is a diaper, or adultincontinent product.

The absorbent article herein may comprise in addition to the absorbentstructure or absorbent core, a topsheet and backsheet, and for exampleone or more side flaps or cuffs. The topsheet or cuffs or side flaps maycomprise a skin care composition or lotion or powder, known in the art,panels, including those described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,607,760; U.S. Pat.No. 5,609,587; U.S. Pat. No. 5,635,191; U.S. Pat. No. 5,643,588.

Preferred absorbent articles herein comprise a topsheet, facing thewearer in use, for example a nonwoven sheet, and/or an apertured sheet,including apertured formed films, as known in the art, and a backsheet.

The backsheet may be liquid impervious, as known in the art. Inpreferred embodiments, the liquid impervious backsheet comprises a thinplastic film such as a thermoplastic film having a thickness of about0.01 mm to about 0.05 mm. Suitable backsheet materials comprisetypically breathable material, which permit vapors to escape from thediaper while still preventing exudates from passing through thebacksheet. Suitable backsheet films include those manufactured byTredegar Industries Inc. of Terre Haute, Ind. and sold under the tradenames X15306, X10962 and X10964.

The backsheet, or any portion thereof, may be elastically extendable inone or more directions. The backsheet may be attached or joined to atopsheet, the absorbent structure or core described herein, or any otherelement of the diaper by any attachment means known in the art.

Diapers herein may comprise leg cuffs and/or barrier cuffs; the articlethen typically has a pair of opposing side flaps and/or leg and/orbarrier cuffs, each of a pair being positioned adjacent one longitudinalside of the absorbent structure or core, and extending longitudinallyalong said structure or core, and typically being mirror images of oneanother in the longitudinal-axis of the article; if leg cuffs andbarrier cuffs are present, then each leg cuffs is typically positionedoutwardly from a barrier cuff. The cuffs may be extending longitudinallyalong at least 70% of the length of the article. The cuff(s) may have afree longitudinal edge that can be positioned out of the X-Y plane(longitudinal/transverse directions) of the article, i.e. inz-direction. The side flaps or cuffs of a pair may be mirror images ofone another in the Y-axis (longitudinal axis) of the article. The cuffsmay comprise elastic material.

The diapers herein may comprise a waistband, or for example a frontwaistband and back waist band, which may comprise elastic material.

The diaper may comprise side panels, or so-called ear panels. The diapermay comprise fastening means, to fasten the front and back, e.g. thefront and back waistband. Preferred fastening systems comprise fasteningtabs and landing zones, wherein the fastening tabs are attached orjoined to the back region of the diaper and the landing zones are partof the front region of the diaper.

The absorbent article may also include a sub-layer disposed between thetopsheet and the absorbent structure or core, capable of accepting, anddistributing and/or immobilizing bodily exudates. Suitable sublayersinclude acquisition layers, surge layers and or fecal material storagelayers, as known in the art. Suitable materials for use as the sub-layermay include large cell open foams, macro-porous compression resistantnon woven highlofts, large size particulate forms of open and closedcell foams (macro and/or microporous), highloft non-wovens, polyolefin,polystyrene, polyurethane foams or particles, structures comprising amultiplicity of vertically oriented, preferably looped, strands offibers, or preferably apertured formed films, as described above withrespect to the genital coversheet. (As used herein, the term“microporous” refers to materials that are capable of transportingfluids by capillary action, but having a mean pore size of more than 50microns. The term “macroporous” refers to materials having pores toolarge to effect capillary transport of fluid, generally having poresgreater than about 0.5 mm (mean) in diameter and more specifically,having pores greater than about 1.0 mm (mean) in diameter, but typicallyless than 10 mm or even less than 6 mm (mean).

All patents and patent applications (including any patents which issuethereon) assigned to the Procter & Gamble Company referred to herein arehereby incorporated by reference to the extent that it is consistentherewith.

The dimensions and values disclosed herein are not to be understood asbeing strictly limited to the exact numerical values recited. Instead,unless otherwise specified, each such dimension is intended to mean boththe recited value and a functionally equivalent range surrounding thatvalue. For example, a dimension disclosed as “40 mm” is intended to mean“about 40 mm.”

All documents cited in the Detailed Description of the Invention are, inrelevant part, incorporated herein by reference; the citation of anydocument is not to be construed as an admission that it is prior artwith respect to the present invention. To the extent that any meaning ordefinition of a term in this document conflicts with any meaning ordefinition of the same term in a document incorporated by reference, themeaning or definition assigned to that term in this document shallgovern.

While particular embodiments of the present invention have beenillustrated and described, it would be obvious to those skilled in theart that various other changes and modifications can be made withoutdeparting from the spirit and scope of the invention. It is thereforeintended to cover in the appended claims all such changes andmodifications that are within the scope of this invention.

What is claimed is:
 1. An apparatus for making an absorbent structurefor an absorbent article, the absorbent structure comprising asupporting sheet and an absorbent layer on the supporting sheet, theabsorbent layer comprising absorbent material and a channel that issubstantially free of absorbent material, the apparatus comprising: afirst moving endless surface having an absorbent layer-forming reservoirdefining a void volume for receiving absorbent material therein, thereservoir comprising a raised strip; a feeder for feeding absorbentmaterial to the first moving endless surface; a second moving endlesssurface having an outer shell including an air permeable receptacle forreceiving a supporting sheet, the receptacle having a mating strip; avacuum system connected with the outer shell, the vacuum system adaptedto facilitate retention of the supporting sheet and the absorbentmaterial on the outer shell; and wherein, in a meeting point, the firstmoving endless surface and the second moving endless surface areadjacent and in close proximity of one another during transfer ofabsorbent material from the first moving endless surface to the secondmoving endless surface; wherein the mating strip is arranged to matewith the raised strip during transfer of the absorbent material; and adownstream pressure roll with a raised pressure pattern substantiallycorresponding to the mating strip, for contacting the supporting sheetin an area thereof corresponding to a channel.
 2. The apparatus of claim1, wherein the reservoir is formed by a multitude of cavities with avoid volume for receiving the absorbent material therein.
 3. Theapparatus of claim 1, wherein the reservoir, excluding the raisedstrips, has apertures to be partially air permeable and wherein thefirst moving endless surface has a cylindrical surface with thereservoir rotatably moving around a stator comprising a vacuum chamberconnected to the vacuum system; and wherein the second outershell iscylindrical rotatably moving around a stator comprising a vacuum chamberconnected to the vacuum system.
 4. The apparatus of claim 1, comprising:at least two mating strips the at least two mating strips are mirrorimages of one another with respect to a longitudinal axis of thereceptacle; and at least two raised strips being mirror images of oneanother with respect to a longitudinal axis of the reservoir.
 5. Theapparatus of claim 1, wherein the receptacle further comprises amultitude of substantially longitudinally extending rods spaced apartfrom one another in transverse direction, and wherein top surfaces ofthe rods and the mating strips in the same plane of the receptacle. 6.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the reservoir is formed by a pluralityof cavities, and wherein cavities that are directly adjacent the raisedstrip have volumes that are greater than volumes of cavities that arenot directly adjacent the raised strip.
 7. The apparatus of claim 1,comprising an adhesive application unit positioned upstream from themeeting point.
 8. The apparatus of claim 1, comprising downstream fromthe meeting point a unit to cover the absorbent layer with a furthermaterial, selected from a unit for folding the supporting sheet over theabsorbent layer; a unit for applying a further supporting sheet; a unitfor applying a further layered material, for example an acquisitionmaterial; a unit for combining the structure with a further absorbentstructure.